The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells covering the stem, root, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed parts of a plant. Its main functions include:
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Protection: The epidermis provides a protective barrier against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection.
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Regulation of gas exchange: The epidermis regulates the gas exchange in plant cells.
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Secretion of metabolic compounds: The epidermis regulates the secretion of metabolic compounds.
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Transpiration: Various modified epidermal cells regulate transpiration, which is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems, and flowers.
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Absorption of water: Some modified epidermal cells increase water absorption.
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Dissemination of bacteria: The epidermis is crucial in the infection and dissemination of certain bacteria.
Epidermis differentiation and maintenance are essential for plant survival, and there is constant cross-talk between epidermal cells and their immediate environment.
