Thrush is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of the Candida fungus, particularly Candida albicans, in the mouth and throat. It can result in creamy white lesions on the tongue, inner cheeks, roof of the mouth, gums, tonsils, or the back of the throat. While it can affect anyone, it is more common in toddlers, children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems or certain health conditions. Thrush can be uncomfortable and may cause symptoms such as redness, irritation, pain, and difficulty swallowing. It is usually treated with antifungal medication, such as tablets, lozenges, or liquids that are swished around in the mouth before swallowing. Good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, can also help improve symptoms. Thrush is not classed as a sexually transmitted infection, and it is usually harmless but can be uncomfortable and may keep coming back.
In addition to affecting the mouth and throat, thrush can also occur in other parts of the body, such as the vagina in women and the penis in men. Symptoms of thrush in women include white vaginal discharge, itching, irritation, soreness, and stinging during sex or urination. In men, symptoms include irritation, burning, redness around the head of the penis, under the foreskin, white discharge, and an unpleasant smell. Treatment for thrush in men and women usually involves antifungal medicine, such as tablets, pessaries, or creams, and it should clear up within 7 to 14 days of starting treatment.
