Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a silvery-grey-white metallic element with a low density and high strength, resistant to corrosion in seawater and chlorine. Titanium is found in nature only as an oxide, but it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color. Some key properties of titanium include:
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Physical properties: Titanium is a solid at standard temperature and pressure, with a melting point of 1941 K (1668 °C, 3034 °F) and a boiling point of 3560 K (3287 °C, 5949 °F) . Its density is 4.506 g/cm3 near room temperature and 4.11 g/cm3 when liquid at its melting point. It has a heat of fusion of 14.15 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 425 kJ/mol. Its molar heat capacity is 25.060 J/(mol·K) .
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Atomic properties: Titanium has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d2 4s2 and has two electrons in its outermost shell. It has oxidation states of −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, and +4 (an amphoteric oxide) . Its electronegativity on the Pauling scale is 1.54. Its atomic radius is empirical: 147 pm and its covalent radius is 160±8 pm.
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Uses: Titanium is used in a variety of applications due to its unique properties. It is as strong as steel but much less dense, making it important as an alloying agent with many metals including aluminum, molybdenum, and iron. These alloys are mainly used in aircraft, spacecraft, and missiles because of their low density and ability to withstand extremes of temperature. Titanium is also used in golf clubs, laptops, bicycles, and crutches. Power plant condensers use titanium pipes because of its resistance to corrosion.
Titanium is a popular metal in the aerospace and marine industries. It is also used in the automotive, medical, and chemical processing industries.
