A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit or multiple circuits through the process of electromagnetic induction. It is a passive component that does not require any external power source to operate. A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction to step up or step down voltage. When a varying current flows through any coil of the transformer, it produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformers core, which induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) across any other coils wound around the same core. Transformers are used for a wide range of purposes, including increasing the voltage from electric generators to enable long-distance transmission of electricity and decreasing the voltage of conventional power circuits to run low-voltage devices like doorbells and toy electric trains. Some key features of transformers include:
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Turns Ratio: The secondary voltage is calculated by multiplying the primary voltage by the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to the number of turns in the primary coil, a quantity called the turns ratio.
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Step-up and Step-down: Transformers can be used to increase or decrease voltage levels, and are termed step-up or step-down type to increase or decrease voltage level, respectively.
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Galvanic Isolation: Transformers can also be used to provide galvanic isolation between circuits as well as to couple stages of signal-processing circuits.
Transformers are widely used in power transmission and distribution systems, and are essential components in many electrical devices and appliances.
