what is translocation

Translocation is a genetic phenomenon that occurs when part of a chromosome breaks and reattaches to a different chromosome. This can result in unusual rearrangements of chromosomes, including balanced and unbalanced translocations. There are two main types of translocations: reciprocal and Robertsonian translocation. Reciprocal translocation is an exchange of parts between non-homologous chromosomes, while Robertsonian translocation occurs when two non-homologous chromosomes get attached. Translocations can cause flaws in chromosomes and lead to serious genetic disorders, including a type of leukemia. However, carriers of balanced reciprocal translocations are usually healthy, and the only time a problem may arise is if they try to have children. Translocation mutations can cause disorders of growth, development, and function of the bodys cells and systems. In plants, translocation refers to the transport of materials from the leaves to other parts of the plant.