Trauma is an emotional response to a terrible event, such as an accident, rape, natural disaster, or exposure to disturbing or life-threatening incidents. It can have lasting adverse effects on an individual's functioning and mental, physical, social, emotional, and/or spiritual well-being
. Traumatic events can include physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, childhood neglect, living with a family member with mental health or substance use disorders, sudden, unexplained separation from a loved one, poverty, racism, discrimination, and oppression, as well as violence in the community, war, or terrorism
. The impact of trauma on individuals, families, and communities is recognized as a behavioral health concern that requires a healing and recovery process
. Trauma can lead to a range of reactions, including shock, denial, unpredictable emotions, flashbacks, strained relationships, and physical symptoms like headaches or nausea
. It can also result in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can seriously disrupt a person's ability to regulate their emotions and maintain healthy relationships
. Treatment for trauma often involves trauma-informed care and various therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, sensorimotor therapy, eye movement and desensitization reprocessing (EMDR), and pharmacological treatment
