Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent high blood sugar levels, also known as hyperglycemia. It occurs due to a combination of insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond normally to insulin, and relative insulin deficiency. This means that the body does not produce enough insulin to overcome the resistance. Type 2 diabetes can lead to serious health problems, such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease. It is often associated with risk factors such as being overweight, having a sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition. While it used to be known as adult-onset diabetes, it is increasingly diagnosed in children and adolescents, particularly those with a family history of the disease or certain lifestyle habits
. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:
- Weight: Being overweight or obese is a primary risk factor.
- Fat distribution: Storing fat mainly in the abdomen indicates a greater risk.
- Physical inactivity: Leading a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
Management of type 2 diabetes involves lifestyle modifications such as healthy eating, regular physical activity, and weight management. In some cases, medication or insulin therapy may be necessary to control blood sugar levels. It is important for individuals with type 2 diabetes to receive long-term medical attention to prevent and manage the associated complications
