Vaginal yeast infection, also known as vaginal candidiasis, is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge, and intense itchiness of the vagina and the vulva. It is caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida, particularly Candida albicans, which is normally found in small amounts in the vagina, mouth, digestive tract, and on the skin. The vagina naturally contains a balanced mix of yeast, including candida, and bacteria, particularly lactobacilli, which act to prevent an overgrowth of yeast. However, certain factors such as hormonal changes, diabetes, antibiotics, and the use of douches and vaginal sprays can disrupt this balance, leading to the overgrowth of candida and the development of a yeast infection.
Symptoms of vaginal yeast infections include abnormal vaginal discharge, itching and burning of the vagina and labia, pain with intercourse, painful urination, and redness and swelling of the skin just outside of the vagina (vulva) . Its important to note that if someone suspects they have a yeast infection, it is recommended to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis before self-treating, as the symptoms of yeast infections can be similar to other, more serious conditions, including sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis.
Vaginal yeast infections are common and highly treatable, with treatment typically involving antifungal medication, some of which are available to purchase at local drug stores without a prescription. If someone experiences recurrent yeast infections, it may be a sign of other health problems, and they should consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and management.
