The vascular system in plants is an assemblage of conducting tissues and associated supportive fibers that transport nutrients and fluids throughout the plant. It is comprised of two main types of tissue: the xylem and the phloem. The xylem transports water and dissolved minerals upward through the plant, from the roots to the leaves, while the phloem carries food downward from the leaves to the roots. Most vascular plants, including lower vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, have vascular systems, which consist of xylem and phloem tissues organized into vascular bundles. These bundles run longitudinally along the stem, and in dicots, they surround a central pith, while in monocots, they are scattered across the stem. The plant vascular system is essential for the delivery of resources such as water, essential mineral nutrients, sugars, and amino acids to all parts of the plant
. The plant vascular system is a complex network of conducting tissues that interconnects all plant organs and is responsible for transporting water, minerals, nutrients, and organic compounds throughout the plant
