what is von neumann architecture

The Von Neumann architecture, also known as the Von Neumann model or Princeton architecture, is a computer architecture based on a 1945 description by John Von Neumann and others in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. It is a stored-program computer architecture in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time since they share a common bus. This is referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck, which often limits the performance of the corresponding system. The Von Neumann architecture consists of a single, shared memory for programs and data, a single bus for memory access, an arithmetic unit, and a program control unit. The design of a Von Neumann architecture machine is simpler than in a Harvard architecture machine, which is also a stored-program system, yet has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading and writing to memory, and another set of address and data buses to fetch instructions. Some high-level languages leverage the Von Neumann architecture by providing an abstract, machine-independent way to manipulate executable code at runtime, or by using. In summary, the Von Neumann architecture is a computer architecture that is still used in most computers produced today, and it is based on the stored-program computer concept, where instruction data and program data are stored in the same memory.