Wine is an alcoholic beverage made through the fermentation of fruit, most commonly grapes. The fermentation process involves yeast consuming the sugar in the fruit and converting it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, resulting in the production of heat. While wine can be made from various fruits such as plum, cherry, pomegranate, blueberry, currant, and elderberry, it is predominantly made from grapes. The term "wine" generally refers to grape wine when used without a qualifier. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts contribute to the diverse styles of wine. The biochemical development of the grape, fermentation reactions, growing environment (terroir), and the wine production process also play a significant role in shaping the characteristics of wine. Wine has a rich history, with evidence of its production dating back thousands of years, and it has played a significant role in various cultures and societies. The alcoholic content of wine is typically expressed as "alcohol by volume" (abv), with most wines having alcohol levels ranging from 8% to 15% abv. In addition to ethanol, wine contains other components such as acids, glycerol, and aroma compounds, which contribute to its flavor and characteristics.
In summary, wine is a complex and diverse beverage with a rich history, and its production involves the fermentation of fruit, primarily grapes, resulting in a wide variety of styles and flavors.
