Several substances and household products are effective at killing mold:
- Bleach : A strong biocide that kills mold on nonporous surfaces by denaturing proteins and disrupting cellular components. It is less effective on porous materials like wood or drywall because mold can penetrate beneath the surface
- Vinegar : A mild acid that kills about 82% of mold species. It works on both porous and nonporous surfaces and can penetrate porous materials better than bleach. Cleaning vinegar (6% acetic acid) is more effective, but regular white vinegar (5%) also works
- Hydrogen Peroxide : Kills mold by releasing oxygen that oxidizes and breaks down mold proteins and DNA. It is safe, environmentally friendly, and effective on materials like clothing, floors, and bathroom fixtures
- Borax : A natural cleaning agent with a high pH that creates an environment unfavorable to mold growth. It does not emit harmful fumes and also inhibits mold regrowth. It is effective when mixed with water and applied to moldy areas
- Ammonia : A strong mold killer with high alkalinity, effective on many mold types but should never be mixed with bleach due to toxic fumes
- Baking Soda : Often used with vinegar or hydrogen peroxide, baking soda kills some mold species and helps absorb moisture and odors
- Natural extracts : Tea tree oil and grapefruit seed extract are natural antimicrobials that kill mold and deodorize the area. Grapefruit seed extract is nearly odorless and effective when diluted in water
- Commercial products : Lysol and Clorox mold removers contain disinfectants like bleach and can kill mold on hard, nonporous surfaces
For best results, the moldy area should be cleaned thoroughly, the moisture source fixed, and the surface dried completely to prevent regrowth. Severe mold infestations (over 10 square feet) are recommended to be handled by professionals
. In summary, effective mold killers include bleach, vinegar, hydrogen peroxide, borax, ammonia, baking soda, tea tree oil, and grapefruit seed extract, each suited for different surfaces and situations
