A doctor’s title and specialty depend on training and licensing, not on a single field. In general:
- Primary distinction: MDs (allopathic physicians) and DOs (osteopathic physicians) are both fully licensed doctors who can practice in any medical specialty and perform surgery or prescribe medications. The main difference is in training philosophy and approach, with DOs receiving additional training in osteopathic manipulative medicine and a holistic, patient-centered outlook. This is a broad distinction rather than a restriction on what they can treat. [MD vs DO overview: general differences]
- Specialties: Both MDs and DOs can specialize in any area of medicine, such as family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, emergency medicine, psychiatry, obstetrics/gynecology, neurology, cardiology, etc. The choice of specialty is determined by residency training and board certification, not by the initial degree alone. [DOs in specialties]
- Practical implications: DOs are commonly found in primary care settings and rural areas, though many DOs also pursue specialty training in fields like emergency medicine, anesthesiology, surgery, and psychiatry. The path after medical school—residency, board certification, and licensure—follows the same requirements as MDs. [DO practice patterns]
If you’re deciding what kind of doctor to see:
- For most general or ongoing health needs, either an MD or DO in the desired specialty can help. If you specifically prefer a DO’s holistic approach or osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) when appropriate, look for a DO in the specialty you need. Otherwise, focus on the physician’s credentials, board certifications, experience, communication style, and patient reviews. [General guidance on choosing a doctor]
Notes:
- DOs and MDs share the same medical rights and responsibilities, including prescribing medications and performing surgeries, once licensed. [MD vs DO overview]
- The scope of practice is determined by state licensing and specialty board certification, not by whether the physician is an MD or DO. [Licensing and boards overview]
Would you like a quick comparison of MDs vs DOs for a specific country or state, or guidance on how to choose a doctor in a particular medical field?
