Mexico has a federal presidential constitutional republic form of government. It is officially known as the United Mexican States. The government is divided into three independent branches:
- Executive Branch: Headed by the President, who is both the head of state and head of government. The President is directly elected by popular vote for a single six-year term and cannot be re-elected. The President appoints a Cabinet to assist in governing various sectors such as health, education, defense, and foreign affairs.
- Legislative Branch: Known as the Congress of the Union, it is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Senate has 128 members representing the states, elected every six years. The Chamber of Deputies has 500 members elected every three years. The Congress debates and enacts laws, approves the national budget, and ratifies treaties.
- Judicial Branch: Led by the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, which has 11 judges. The judiciary interprets and enforces laws and ensures constitutional compliance.
Mexico is a federal republic, meaning sovereignty is shared between the national government and 31 individual states plus Mexico City. Each state has its own governor and legislature, and municipalities have elected mayors. The Constitution of 1917 establishes this system, emphasizing the separation of powers and democratic representation
