Jesus primarily spoke Aramaic, which was the common language of the people in Galilee and Roman Judaea during his time
. Aramaic was his mother tongue and the language he used in his teachings and everyday conversations, especially with his disciples and followers
. In addition to Aramaic, Jesus likely knew Hebrew, particularly for religious and liturgical purposes, as Hebrew was the language of Jewish scripture and synagogue readings
. He probably could read Hebrew texts aloud, such as the scroll of Isaiah mentioned in the Gospels
. Jesus also may have had some knowledge of Greek, the lingua franca of the eastern Roman Empire and the language of trade and administration
. While the extent of his Greek proficiency is debated, it is reasonable to assume he could understand and possibly speak some Greek, especially when interacting with non-Jews or Roman officials like Pontius Pilate
. In summary, Jesus spoke primarily Aramaic, was familiar with Hebrew for religious contexts, and possibly understood or spoke some Greek depending on the audience
