what language do they speak in afghanistan

The official languages of Afghanistan are Dari and Pashto, as established by the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan. Dari Persian is spoken by 78% (L1 + L2) and functions as the lingua franca, while Pashto is spoken by 50%, Uzbek 10%, English 5%. Dari, as a shared language between multiple ethnic groups in the country, has served as a historical lingua franca between different linguistic groups in the region and is the most widely understood language in the country. Pashto is the native tongue of the Pashtuns, the dominant ethnic group in Afghanistan. Due to Afghanistans multi-ethnic character, multilingualism is a common phenomenon.