Ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins, forming a complex known as a ribonucleoprotein. Each ribosome consists of two subunits—one small and one large—that come together for protein synthesis. These subunits are composed of specific rRNAs and various ribosomal proteins. The small subunit mainly decodes the messenger RNA (mRNA), while the large subunit catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds in proteins. Ribosomes are found in almost all cells and can either float freely in the cytoplasm or be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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