What is ADHD?
ADHD, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood, often first diagnosed in childhood and sometimes lasting into adulthood. It is a medical condition characterized by differences in brain development and brain activity that affect attention, the ability to sit still, and self-control. People with ADHD experience an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. The symptoms of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and there are three main types of ADHD presentations: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined.
ADHD can affect a child at school, at home, and in friendships, and the symptoms may improve with age, but many adults who were diagnosed with the condition at a young age continue to experience problems. It is important to note that several conditions can mimic ADHD, such as learning disorders, mood disorders, anxiety, substance use, head injuries, thyroid conditions, and use of some medications. Therefore, a full psychiatric evaluation is crucial for an accurate diagnosis.
The exact cause of ADHD is not clear, but there is strong evidence that it is mostly inherited, and many kids who have ADHD have a parent or relative with it. Additionally, ADHD is not caused by factors such as eating too much sugar, watching too much television, parenting, or social and environmental factors such as poverty or family chaos. The most effective treatment for ADHD usually involves a combination of behavior therapy and medication, and good treatment plans will include close monitoring, follow-ups, and making changes if needed.
In summary, ADHD is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment, taking into account the individuals specific symptoms and circumstances. It is important for individuals with ADHD to receive proper support and understanding, as well as access to appropriate interventions to help manage the condition.
