According to a survey of 88,125 peer-reviewed scientific papers, more than 99.9% of studies agree that climate change is mainly caused by humans. In addition, a 2009 survey found that 97% of actively publishing climate scientists agree that humans are causing global warming and climate change. This consensus is supported by most of the leading science organizations around the world, including international and U.S. science academies, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and many other reputable scientific bodies. It is important to note that the 3% of climate scientists who do not agree with this consensus are a small minority.