what protects the earth from dangerous em waves

The Earth is protected from dangerous electromagnetic (EM) waves primarily by its magnetic field, known as the magnetosphere, and its atmosphere. The magnetosphere acts as a shield by deflecting charged particles from the solar wind, coronal mass ejections, and cosmic rays, preventing them from reaching the surface and harming life. It traps much of this harmful energy in regions called the Van Allen Belts, keeping it away from Earth’s surface. In addition, a natural radio-wave barrier formed by very low-frequency waves in the Earth's upper atmosphere helps deflect high-energy electrons, creating an impenetrable zone around 11,000 kilometers above Earth to further protect from intense radiation. The atmosphere also protects by absorbing higher-energy EM waves such as gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet rays, which could be damaging if they reached the surface. Together, Earth's magnetosphere and atmosphere form a comprehensive protective system against various harmful electromagnetic waves and space radiation, enabling life to flourish on the planet.