Size 42 in US shoe size generally corresponds to a men's US size 9 or 9.5, depending on the specific shoe size chart. For instance, a European size 42 is usually equivalent to a US men's size 9 or 9.5.
If you are referring to clothing size 42 (such as men's jackets or suits), a US size 42 typically refers to a jacket size with a chest measurement of 42 inches and is often considered a large (L) size.
If you want a more specific conversion depending on whether you mean shoes or clothes, please let me know!