After unprotected sex, there are several steps you can take to reduce the risk of pregnancy and protect your health:
Emergency Contraception to Prevent Pregnancy
- Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are the most common option. They work primarily by delaying or preventing ovulation, and sometimes by affecting the uterine lining to prevent egg implantation.
- There are two main types:
- Levonorgestrel pills (e.g., Plan B One-Step) are most effective when taken as soon as possible, ideally within 24 hours, but can be taken up to 72 hours (3 days) after sex. Effectiveness decreases over time: about 95% effective within 24 hours, 85% within 48 hours, and 58% within 72 hours
* **Ulipristal acetate pills** (e.g., EllaOne) require a prescription and can be taken up to 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected sex. They are more effective than levonorgestrel pills and maintain higher effectiveness up to 5 days
- Copper IUD insertion is the most effective emergency contraception method, preventing pregnancy in over 99% of cases. It can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex or within 5 days of ovulation. Additionally, it provides long-term contraception for 5-10 years if left in place
Additional Steps After Unprotected Sex
- Urinate soon after sex to help flush out bacteria and reduce the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), especially if you have a vulva
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water to help prevent UTIs
- Consider STI testing , particularly if the partner is new or if either partner’s STI status is unknown. Regular testing is recommended for sexually active individuals
- Take a pregnancy test if your period is late by 1-2 weeks or about 3-4 weeks after unprotected sex to confirm whether pregnancy has occurred
When to Seek Medical Advice
- If you vomit or have diarrhea within a few hours of taking emergency contraception pills, consult a healthcare provider as you may need to retake the pill
- If you suspect a UTI or experience symptoms like painful urination or abdominal pain, see a doctor for treatment
In summary, the best immediate action after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy is to take emergency contraception as soon as possible, with the copper IUD being the most effective option if available. Follow up with pregnancy testing and consider STI screening to maintain overall sexual health
