The Nullification Crisis was a 1832–1833 confrontation between South Carolina and the U.S. federal government over the state's attempt to nullify the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832, which Southerners viewed as harmful to their economy.
Background
High protective tariffs favored Northern manufacturers but raised import costs for Southern agricultural exports, sparking resentment dubbed the "Tariff of Abominations." South Carolina, led by Vice President John C. Calhoun, championed states' rights and nullification, arguing states could void federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.
Key Events
South Carolina passed the Ordinance of Nullification on November 24, 1832, declaring the tariffs null within its borders and threatening secession. President Andrew Jackson responded forcefully, issuing a proclamation denying nullification's validity and pushing the Force Bill through Congress to authorize military enforcement.
Resolution
Senator Henry Clay brokered the Compromise Tariff of 1833, gradually reducing rates over a decade, which prompted South Carolina to rescind its ordinance on March 15, 1833, though it symbolically nullified the Force Bill. The crisis ended without violence, affirming federal authority.
Significance
It heightened North-South tensions over states' rights and economic policy, foreshadowing the Civil War by testing secession ideas without resolving underlying slavery disputes. Jackson's stance also spurred opponents to form the Whig Party.
