Abortion became legal in Canada in stages. Therapeutic abortions were legalized in 1969 through the Criminal Law Amendment Act, allowing abortions only if a committee of doctors certified that the pregnancy endangered the woman's life or health. However, abortion was fully decriminalized in 1988 after the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in the landmark case R. v. Morgentaler that the existing abortion law was unconstitutional as it violated a woman's rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Since then, abortion is legal throughout pregnancy in Canada without criminal restrictions.