when did mercury retrograde start

Mercury retrograde in 2025 starts its second cycle on July 18 at 4:34 Universal Time (around 12:34 am EDT on July 18 or 9:34 pm PDT on July 17). This period lasts until August 11, 2025, when Mercury stations direct. The retrograde is preceded by a pre-shadow starting June 29 and followed by a post-shadow until about August 25, 2025.