A semicolon is used to connect two closely related independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction, or to separate independent clauses that are linked by a transitional phrase (like however, therefore, meanwhile) and to clarify complex lists. Here’s a quick guide to when to use it and when not to. When to use a semicolon
- Between related independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction
- Example: I went to the store; I forgot to buy milk.
- Between independent clauses connected by a transitional word or phrase
- Example: She didn’t see the step; however, she didn’t fall.
- In complex lists where items themselves contain commas
- Example: The conference attendees included Jane Doe, supervisor; Ahmed Khan, researcher; and Maria Lopez, coordinator.
When not to use a semicolon
- Between a dependent clause and an independent clause
- Wrong: Because I was tired; I went to bed.
- Right: Because I was tired, I went to bed.
- Between two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet)
- Right: I went to the store, and I bought milk.
- To replace a colon introducing a list (use a colon instead)
Quick tips
- If you can replace the semicolon with a period and make two separate sentences that still flow, a semicolon is appropriate for a closer connection.
- If you’re linking with transitions (however, therefore, moreover, etc.), a semicolon is usually correct, often followed by a comma after the transition word.
If you’d like, share a sentence or two, and I’ll suggest whether a semicolon, a comma, or a period is best, with a quick explanation.
