Ovulation typically takes place about halfway through the menstrual cycle, usually around day 12 to 14 in an average 28-day cycle. More specifically, ovulation occurs about 12 to 16 days before the start of the next period. The timing can vary from person to person and cycle to cycle, ranging anywhere from days 11 to 21 in the menstrual cycle. It is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) and lasts roughly 16 to 32 hours during which a mature egg is released from the ovary and can be fertilized for up to 24 hours after release. If fertilization does not occur, the egg breaks down, and menstruation begins about two weeks later.
Timing of Ovulation
- Usually around the middle of the menstrual cycle (day 12-14 in a 28-day cycle)
- Occurs 12-16 days before the start of the next period
- Can range between days 11 to 21 depending on cycle length and individual variability
Biological Process
- Triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH)
- A mature egg is released from the dominant follicle in the ovary
- The egg travels down the fallopian tube, available for fertilization for about 12 to 24 hours
Fertility Window
- Fertility is highest in the days leading up to and including ovulation
- Sperm can survive up to five days in the body, but the egg only survives about 24 hours after release
This framework helps understand when ovulation occurs and how it relates to fertility and menstrual phases.
