The internet is widely considered to have been officially created on January 1, 1983. This date marks the adoption of the TCP/IP communications protocol on the ARPANET network, which transformed ARPANET into the modern Internet. However, the development of the internet was a long process that began in the 1960s with early concepts like packet switching and the ARPANET project by the U.S. Department of Defense, which first transmitted data between computers in 1969. The creation of the internet was a collaborative effort involving many scientists and engineers over several decades.