Diamonds are primarily found in two geological environments: kimberlites (pipe-like volcanic formations) and alluvial deposits (where diamonds have been eroded from kimberlites and deposited in riverbeds or coastal sediments)
. The main countries known for diamond production include:
- Russia : One of the largest producers, with major mines like the Mirny mine in Siberia
- Botswana : A leading producer with several large mines such as Orapa and Jwaneng, operated by De Beers
- Democratic Republic of Congo : Significant diamond production mainly from alluvial deposits
- South Africa : Historically important, with famous mines like Kimberley and ongoing production from kimberlite pipes and alluvial/coastal mining
- Australia : Known for the Argyle mine, which was a major source of diamonds including rare pink diamonds
- Canada : Emerging as a major producer with mines like Ekati and Diavik
- Angola : Produces diamonds from alluvial and kimberlite sources, with notable mines such as Catoca
- Zimbabwe and Namibia : Also notable diamond producers, with Namibia known for marine diamond mining off its coast
In total, diamonds have been found in about 35 countries worldwide, but commercial production is concentrated in roughly 10 key countries mainly in Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia
. Additionally, the United States has a unique site, the Crater of Diamonds State Park in Arkansas, where diamonds can be found and even searched for by the public, though it is not a major commercial producer
. In summary, diamonds are mined mainly in Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia, occurring in kimberlite pipes and alluvial deposits formed by volcanic and erosional processes
