Alcohol is primarily metabolized in the liver. The liver uses enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to convert ethanol into acetaldehyde, a toxic compound. Then, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) further metabolizes acetaldehyde into acetate, which is eventually broken down into carbon dioxide and water for elimination. Although the liver is the main site, small amounts of alcohol metabolism also occur in other tissues like the stomach, brain, pancreas, and kidneys, but these contribute minimally compared to the liver. About 90% or more of consumed alcohol is processed by the liver, with the rest eliminated through breath, urine, and sweat.
