The Balkan Peninsula is a large geographical region located in southeastern Europe. It is bounded by the Adriatic Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea (including the Ionian and Aegean seas) and the Sea of Marmara to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. Its northern boundary is often defined by the Danube, Sava, and Kupa Rivers, though this varies by definition
. The peninsula includes all or parts of several countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia (up to the Sava and Kupa rivers), Greece (mainland), Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania (Northern Dobruja), Serbia (up to the Danube), Slovenia, and the European part of Turkey (East Thrace)
. Some definitions also include parts of Hungary and Moldova due to cultural and historical ties
. Geographically, the Balkan Peninsula is mountainous with major mountain ranges such as the Dinaric Alps, the Balkan Mountains, and the Pindus range. It is a culturally diverse region at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, with a complex history of ethnic and political dynamics
. In summary, the Balkan Peninsula is situated in southeastern Europe, bordered by seas on three sides and the Danube and other rivers to the north, encompassing a number of countries primarily in Southeast Europe
