Tuscany is a region located in central Italy. It covers an area of about 23,000 square kilometers (8,900 square miles) and has a population of approximately 3.6 million people as of 2025. The capital city of Tuscany is Florence. Geographically, Tuscany is roughly triangular in shape and borders several Italian regions: Liguria to the northwest, Emilia-Romagna to the north, Marche and Umbria to the east, and Lazio to the south and southeast. It has a western coastline along the Tyrrhenian Sea, which includes the Tuscan Archipelago with notable islands such as Elba. The region's landscape is characterized by hilly terrain, mountains (including the Apennines), and some fertile plains mainly around the Arno River valley, where many important cities like Florence, Pisa, and Siena are located
. Tuscany lies about 300 km south of Milan and 280 km north of Rome. It is accessible via Florence and Pisa international airports, with Florence also well connected by rail and motorway
. The region is famous for its cultural heritage, art, wine production, and scenic landscapes
