The kidneys are located high in the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the spine, in a retroperitoneal position (behind the peritoneum). They typically extend from approximately the levels of the T12 vertebra to the L3 vertebra. The right kidney is usually slightly lower than the left kidney due to the position of the liver above it. Both kidneys lie just below the rib cage at the back of the abdomen. The upper parts of the kidneys are partially protected by the 11th and 12th ribs. Each kidney has an adrenal gland on top and is surrounded by two layers of fat for protection.
In summary:
- Location: Either side of the spine, in the retroperitoneal space
- Vertebral levels: Approximately T12 to L3
- Right kidney: Slightly lower than left, due to liver position
- Protection: Partially protected by the 11th and 12th ribs
- Positioned below the rib cage, at the back of the abdomen
This anatomical location allows the kidneys to effectively filter blood and produce urine while being protected within the body.
