which european country most likely monopolized the indian cotton trade?

The European country that most likely monopolized the Indian cotton trade was England. Through the British East India Company, England established a significant monopoly over Indian cotton textiles during the colonial period. The company imported large quantities of Indian cotton fabrics, such as calico and chintz, into Britain and eventually dominated the trade. England used protectionist policies, including bans and tariffs, to restrict Indian cotton imports and protect its domestic textile industry. Additionally, British colonization opened the Indian market to British goods duty-free, while raw cotton was imported to Britain without tariffs, giving England a virtual monopoly over India's cotton trade and market in the 18th and 19th centuries. This led to the decline of India's traditional cotton textile industry as British textiles replaced Indian imports both in Europe and globally.