which is true of inducements in research?

Inducements in research are offers made to encourage people to participate in a study, such as financial rewards or other incentives. They are not inherently unethical but become problematic if they constitute "undue influence." Undue influence occurs when the inducement is so large or compelling that it alters a potential participant's decision-making process to the extent that they do not appropriately consider the risks and benefits of the research. This can compromise the participant's ability to give truly informed and voluntary consent. Ethical guidelines insist that inducements should not cloud judgment or coerce participation, and determining undue inducement can be complex and context-dependent. Modest compensation, like $10 for an hour-long study, typically does not constitute undue inducement. The key ethical concern is ensuring that inducements do not override autonomous decision-making by participants, especially vulnerable populations.