For a person experiencing anaphylaxis, the primary medication to assist with is epinephrine (also known as adrenaline). It is the most critical drug for rapidly reversing the life-threatening symptoms such as low blood pressure, poor circulation, swelling, and bronchoconstriction. Epinephrine is given intramuscularly and should be administered promptly, with repeated doses if symptoms persist. Other medications that may be used to support treatment include:
- H1 antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine/Benadryl) which help with skin symptoms but are not sufficient alone for anaphylaxis.
- H2 antihistamines, which may help with cardiovascular symptoms and abdominal discomfort.
- Albuterol for respiratory symptoms if the person has asthma.
- Steroids, which are not for immediate treatment but help prevent biphasic reactions and ongoing symptoms after the acute phase.
In summary, the critical medication to assist with first in anaphylaxis is epinephrine, followed by supportive treatments including antihistamines, albuterol (if needed), and steroids as adjuncts once emergency care is underway.
Thus, when assisting a person with anaphylaxis, the priority should be helping them use their epinephrine auto-injector immediately.
