Among common examples of hereditary diseases from the sources found, hemophilia stands out as a textbook hereditary disease. It is an inherited genetic disorder characterized by poor blood clotting due to deficiency or absence of clotting factors. Hemophilia is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, primarily affecting males and passed from mothers to sons.
Other hereditary diseases mentioned include cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, phenylketonuria, and various chromosomal disorders, all caused by genetic mutations passed down from parents to offspring.
Specifically, if the options given in the question were something like Cataract, Hemophilia, Pellagra, and Osteoporosis, the hereditary disease among them would be hemophilia, since cataract and osteoporosis can have hereditary components but are not purely hereditary diseases, and pellagra is caused by nutritional deficiency, not genetics.
Therefore, the answer to "which one of the following is a hereditary disease" is hemophilia.
