which part of the brain controls inhibition?

Direct answer: Inhibition is largely controlled by networks centered in the prefrontal cortex, especially the inferior frontal regions and the pre- supplementary motor area, which interact with the basal ganglia (notably the subthalamic nucleus) to suppress or stop actions. While the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) has frequently been highlighted as a key node in stopping motor responses, contemporary views emphasize that inhibitory control arises from a distributed, bilateral network involving the left inferior frontal gyrus, rIFG/aIns, preSMA, basal ganglia circuits (including the STN), and their white-matter connections. The prefrontal cortex typically represents goals and contextual rules that guide when and what to inhibit, while subcortical structures implement the actual suppression of competing motor plans. In short, inhibition is not localized to a single “inhibitory center” but emerges from coordinated activity across a fronto-basal ganglia network with lateralized contributions that can vary by task and individual.