which stone age artifacts possibly served as fertility fetishes.

The Stone Age artifacts that possibly served as fertility fetishes are primarily the so-called "Venus figurines." These are small prehistoric female statuettes with exaggerated sexual characteristics such as large breasts and hips, believed to be linked to fertility and reproduction. The most famous among these is the Venus of Willendorf, a small limestone figurine dated to around 28,000 to 25,000 BCE. These figurines may have served as amulets for fertility, protection in childbirth, and aspects of fertility related to humans, animals, and the soil. They are often interpreted as symbols or representations of a Mother Goddess or fertility deities, although this interpretation is debated among scholars. In the Neolithic period, female figurines similar to these were found in household contexts and may have been part of household cults emphasizing fertility and protection. Other interpretations suggest that such figurines were objects of survival symbolism related to nutritional health during harsh climatic conditions rather than purely fertility or sexual symbols. Additionally, the Stone Age phallic-shaped objects and some ithyphallic figurines from the Neolithic period are often interpreted as gods or symbols of male fertility and potency. In summary, artifacts such as the Venus figurines (e.g., Venus of Willendorf) possibly served as fertility fetishes or amulets related to various aspects of fertility, childbirth, survival, and protection during the Stone Age.