The type of transport impacted in cystic fibrosis is the transport of ions, specifically chloride (Cl^−) and bicarbonate (HCO3^−) ions, across epithelial cell membranes. This is mediated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which functions as an ion channel. Mutations in the CFTR gene lead to defective chloride and bicarbonate ion transport, which disrupts epithelial lining fluid (mucus) transport in organs like the lungs and pancreas, causing the symptoms of cystic fibrosis. This defective ion transport affects fluid and electrolyte balance, resulting in thickened mucus and complications such as chronic respiratory infections and pancreatic insufficiency.
In summary:
- The affected transport is anion (chloride and bicarbonate) transport across epithelial membranes.
- CFTR protein acts as a chloride and bicarbonate ion channel.
- Defects in CFTR impair ion transport leading to abnormal mucus and associated cystic fibrosis pathology.
