White marks on toenails can be caused by various factors, including trauma, fungal infections, nutritional deficiencies, and medical conditions. Here are some details on the possible causes:
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Fungal infections: Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common cause of white spots on toenails. It can cause a white or yellow-brown spot under the tip or side of the toenail, which may resolve on its own if mild. If the fungus progresses, it can cause discoloration, thickening, and crumbling of the nail, as well as transmission to surrounding nails.
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Keratin granulations: These are dehydrated superficial layers of nail cells that result in white, rough, and uneven dry patches on the top of the nail. Prolonged use of nail polish or acetone-based nail polish removers can dry out the surface of the toenails and lead to keratin granulations.
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Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiencies in minerals such as iron, calcium, and zinc can cause white nails that are thin and brittle.
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Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions can cause white spots on toenails, such as leukonychia, which is the result of minor trauma and is harmless in healthy individuals. However, it can also be associated with poor health or nutritional deficiencies. Other medical conditions that can cause nail abnormalities include psoriasis, peripheral vascular disease, pneumonia, and uncontrolled diabetes.
Its important to note that it can be difficult to tell if white spots on toenails are keratin granulations or fungus. If you suspect a toenail fungus, its best to see a podiatrist for proper diagnosis and treatment. If you have any other symptoms, such as discoloration, changes in nail shape or thickness, bleeding, swelling, or pain around the nails, you should also see a doctor.
