who created algebra

Algebra as a systematic discipline is primarily attributed to Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, a Persian mathematician of the 9th century. He wrote a pioneering book titled "Al-jabr wa'l muqabalah" (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing) that introduced fundamental algebraic methods such as reduction and balancing of equations. Because of his comprehensive treatment and teaching of algebra as an independent subject, al- Khwarizmi is widely regarded as the father or founder of algebra. The very name "algebra" is derived from the word "al-jabr" in the title of his book. While algebraic ideas appeared earlier among Babylonians, Greeks like Diophantus, and others, al-Khwarizmi's work was revolutionary in making algebra a unified theory applicable to a broad range of problems, beyond the geometric and problem-specific approaches of ancient times. His work came under the intellectual environment of the Baghdad House of Wisdom, which was a major center of knowledge during the Islamic Golden Age. In summary, algebra as a formalized mathematical discipline was created by al-Khwarizmi in the early 9th century, although contributions also came from earlier civilizations. This is supported by historical and scholarly sources including Wikipedia, Britannica, and educational resources.