Mexico gained independence from Spain. This independence was officially declared on August 23, 1821, marking the end of over three centuries of Spanish colonial rule in the territory formerly known as New Spain. The independence movement began with a rebellion in 1810 led by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and continued through a prolonged conflict until the Treaty of Córdoba was signed in 1821, which recognized Mexican independence from Spain. However, the process involved a complex civil war and political struggles even after independence was declared.
