who discovered antibiotics

The discovery of antibiotics is credited to Scottish microbiologist Alexander Fleming. He discovered the world's first true antibiotic, penicillin, on September 28, 1928, at St. Mary's Hospital in London. Fleming noticed that a mold, later identified as Penicillium notatum, had contaminated his petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria and was killing the bacteria around it. This discovery marked the beginning of the antibiotic era and transformed medicine by providing a way to effectively treat bacterial infections. Fleming, along with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain who later developed penicillin for mass production, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for this groundbreaking work.