The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, was proposed by Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth, who were delegates from Connecticut at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Their proposal established a bicameral legislature with two houses: the Senate, with equal representation for each state, and the House of Representatives, with representation based on state population. This compromise helped resolve a significant dispute between large and small states regarding representation in the new federal government and was accepted on July 16, 1787.