Joseph Raymond McCarthy (1908–1957) was a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin known for his role in fueling Cold War fears of communist infiltration in the United States government and other institutions. Beginning in 1950, he claimed to have lists of communists working in government and led aggressive investigations and accusations, which came to be known as "McCarthyism." His tactics involved unsubstantiated charges, intimidation, and attacks on the character of political opponents. McCarthy's influence declined after televised Senate hearings in 1954 exposed his abusive methods, and he was formally censured by the Senate that same year. He died in 1957 from acute hepatitis.
Early Life and Career
- Born in Grand Chute, Wisconsin.
- Served as a Marine Corps intelligence officer during World War II.
- Became a judge before winning a Senate seat in 1946 as a Republican.
McCarthyism and Rise to National Prominence
- Gained national attention in 1950 by alleging communist infiltration in the State Department.
- Led investigations targeting communists and suspected sympathizers in government, media, and other sectors.
- His campaign extended into attacks on alleged homosexuals, viewed as security risks.
Decline and Censure
- His methods and accusations were challenged during the Army–McCarthy hearings televised in 1954.
- The Senate censured him for misconduct and abuse of power later that year.
- McCarthy's health and influence waned until his death in 1957.
Joseph McCarthy remains a controversial figure whose name is synonymous with reckless anti-communist pursuits and political intimidation.
