Pericles (c. 495–429 BC) was a prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator, and general during the Golden Age of Athens. He played a central role in the development of Athenian democracy and the expansion of the Athenian empire, making Athens the political and cultural center of ancient Greece
. He led Athens roughly from 461 to 429 BC, a period often called the "Age of Pericles." During his leadership, he transformed the Delian League into an Athenian empire and guided Athens through the early years of the Peloponnesian War against Sparta
. Pericles was a great patron of the arts and literature, sponsoring ambitious building projects including the construction of the Acropolis and the Parthenon, which contributed to Athens' reputation as a cultural and educational hub
. He also fostered democratic reforms that deepened citizen participation in government, though only male citizens were involved
. He died in 429 BC during a devastating plague that weakened Athens during the Peloponnesian War
. In summary, Pericles was a key figure who shaped Athenian politics, culture, and military power, leaving a lasting legacy on ancient Greece and Western civilization.
