The Buffalo Soldiers were African American soldiers who served in the United States Army primarily in the western frontier after the Civil War. Established by an Act of Congress in 1866, the Buffalo Soldiers consisted of several all- black regiments, notably the 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments and the 24th and 25th Infantry Regiments. They were among the first peacetime all-black regiments in the U.S. Army. The nickname "Buffalo Soldiers" is believed to have been given by the Native American tribes they fought against, possibly because their dark, curly hair resembled a buffalo's fur, or because of their fierce fighting spirit, reminiscent of the buffalo's bravery. The soldiers considered the name a mark of respect. They played a significant role in protecting settlers, building infrastructure, guarding mail routes, and participating in most military campaigns of the Indian Wars. Their distinguished service earned several of them the Medal of Honor. In addition to military duties, Buffalo Soldiers also served as some of the first national park rangers, protecting early U.S. national parks like Yosemite and Sequoia. Despite facing racial prejudice and being commanded by white officers, their courage and discipline helped pave the way for greater African American participation in the military. The Buffalo Soldiers symbolize African American patriotism, resilience, and military service during a challenging period in U.S. history, from roughly 1866 to the early 20th century.
