who were the sans-culottes

The Sans-culottes were the common people of the lower classes in late 18th- century France who became radical and militant supporters of the French Revolution. The term "sans-culottes," meaning "without breeches," referred to their clothing choice of wearing long trousers (pantaloons) instead of the silk knee-breeches worn by the aristocracy, marking their lower-class status. They were mostly urban laborers, artisans, and shopkeepers who played a central role in the revolution, advocating for direct democracy and social equality. They were known for their patriotic, uncompromising, and sometimes violent actions, such as street protests and executions during the revolutionary wars. Their influence was significant during the years 1792 to 1795, especially in Paris, where they were active in political clubs and uprisings against the monarchy and the aristocratic privileges.