The terms "who," "what," "where," "when," and "why" are collectively known as the Five Ws , a fundamental set of questions used primarily in writing, journalism, research, and information gathering to ensure a complete and clear understanding of a subject or event.
- Who asks about the person or people involved. It identifies the subject or agent of the story or situation. For example, "Who is responsible?" or "Who discovered radioactivity?"
- What asks about the object, action, or event. It defines what is happening or what the story is about. For example, "What happened?" or "What is the project about?"
- Where asks about the location or place where the event occurs. For example, "Where did it happen?"
- When asks about the time or date of the event. For example, "When did it take place?"
- Why asks about the reason or motivation behind the event or action. For example, "Why did this happen?"
These questions help writers, journalists, researchers, and analysts gather detailed and specific information to tell a complete story, clarify facts, and engage readers or audiences effectively. The Five Ws are often extended with How to explore the method or manner of the event or situation, forming the "5 Ws and H" framework
. The Five Ws have historical roots tracing back to ancient Greece and Aristotle’s system of circumstances, and they remain a cornerstone of effective communication and inquiry in modern times
. In summary, the Five Ws are essential questions designed to cover all critical aspects of a story or situation:
Question| Purpose| Example
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Who| Identifies the person or agent| Who is involved?
What| Describes the action or object| What happened?
When| Specifies the time or date| When did it occur?
Where| Indicates the location| Where did it take place?
Why| Explains the reason or cause| Why did it happen?
These questions ensure clarity, completeness, and effective communication in writing, journalism, project management, and research
